Glaucoma (also known as green cataract) is a chronic eye disease that leads to damage of the optic nerve. It is most commonly associated with increased intraocular pressure, but it can also occur even when the pressure is within normal limits.
Symptoms
Glaucoma often develops slowly and without pain, which means patients may not notice it for a long time. Typical symptoms include:
- Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
- Blurred or narrowed vision
- In advanced stages, deterioration or loss of central vision
An exception is angle-closure glaucoma – more common in farsighted eyes due to their anatomical predisposition – which can cause eye and head pain accompanied by nausea or vomiting. This so-called glaucoma attack requires urgent medical treatment, otherwise it can lead to blindness in as little as 24 hours.
Risk Factors
Older age, family history, nearsightedness, diabetes, high blood pressure, and long-term corticosteroid use increase the risk of developing glaucoma.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The disease can only be detected through a comprehensive eye examination, which includes measuring intraocular pressure, examining the optic nerve (OCT CIRRUS, Zeiss), and testing the visual field (HFA3, Zeiss).
Treatment usually involves the regular use of eye drops to reduce intraocular pressure. In some cases, laser or surgical procedures may be necessary.
Prevention
The most important factor is early diagnosis. A preventive eye examination after the age of 40 is recommended, even if there are no symptoms.
If glaucoma is detected early, its progression can be slowed or stopped, helping to preserve good vision for many years.
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