What Is the Retina?
The retina is a thin layer of nerve tissue lining the inside of the eye. It converts light into nerve signals, which are sent through the optic nerve to the brain, where the image we see is formed. For proper vision, the retina must remain firmly attached to the underlying layer called the choroid, which provides oxygen and nutrients.
What Is Retinal Detachment?
Retinal detachment is a serious condition in which the retina separates from the choroid. As a result, it no longer receives oxygen or nutrients, leading to damage and possible vision loss. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment.
Symptoms of Retinal Detachment
Retinal detachment often starts subtly. Typical warning signs include:
- Flashes of light (especially in the dark or with eye movement)
- Floating spots (“flies,” “threads,” or dark dots in front of the eye)
- A shadow or curtain over the field of vision that gradually spreads
- Blurred vision or partial loss of the visual field
These symptoms do not always mean a detachment has occurred, but they can be early warning signs. It is very important to visit an ophthalmologist as soon as possible.
Risk Factors
Retinal detachment occurs more frequently in people:
- With nearsightedness (myopia)
- After eye injuries
- Following cataract surgery
- With retinal diseases or genetic predispositions
- With diabetes or other vascular eye diseases
Diagnosis
The ophthalmologist examines the back of the eye (fundus) after dilating the pupil. If the retina cannot be clearly seen (for example, due to a cloudy lens or vitreous opacity), an ultrasound (USG) of the eye may be performed.
Treatment
Treatment is surgical. The goal of surgery is to reattach the retina to its base and prevent it from detaching again. Techniques include vitrectomy, scleral buckling, laser photocoagulation, or intraocular gas filling. The success of treatment depends on how quickly it is diagnosed and the extent of detachment.
Prognosis
If the detachment is detected early, vision can be preserved or significantly improved.
If treatment is delayed, it may result in permanent vision loss or blindness in the affected eye.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice sudden flashes of light, floating spots, or a dark shadow in your vision — do not wait.
Contact an ophthalmologist or emergency department immediately.
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